# Møller Plesset perturbation theory

Closed-shell Møller-Plesset perturbation theory up to full fourth order [MP4(SDTQ)] is part of the coupled-cluster program.

The commands MP2, MP3, MP4 perform the MP calculations up to the specified order (lower orders are included).

MP4;NOTRIPL; performs MP4(SDQ) calculations.

Normally, no further input is needed if the MPn card directly follows the corresponding HF-SCF. Otherwise, occupancies and orbitals can be specified as in the CI program. The resulting energies are stored in variables as explained in section special variables.

Dual basis set calculations are possible for the closed-shell methods, see section dual basis set calculations.

EXPEC[,[TYPE=]type][,opname]

One-electron properties can be computed if an EXPEC card follows the MP2 card (the GEXPEC directive has no effect in this case). Properties are obtained as analytical energy derivatives with or without taking into account the orbital relaxation, which can be specified as

• TYPE: type=RELAX: Compute fully relaxed properties with taking into account the orbital relaxation (default). Nonrelaxed properties are also computed and printed. For MP2, this option is highly recommended.

type=NORELAX: Compute properties without taking into account the orbital relaxation.

Note that, in MP2, calculation of fully relaxed properties may be much more expensive than computing only the energy or properties without the orbital relaxation effect. The syntax for operators opname is explained in section One-electron operators and expectation values (GEXPEC). See also DM in section saving the density matrix, and NATORB in section natural orbitals.

EXPEC[,opname] Fully relaxed one-electron properties are available for MP3 (see section First- and second-order properties for CCSD from expectation-value CC theory (XCCSD), Paper 2). Currently, this is only working without frozen core orbitals, i.e. CORE,0 must be specified. MP2 properties are also computed and printed.

DM,record.ifil;

The first-order density matrix in AO basis is stored in record record on file ifil. Two types of density matrices are stored in the same record: the one without orbital relaxation contribution is stored as set 1, meanwhile with the orbital relaxation contribution, it is stored as set 2. If the NORELAX directive is given on the EXPEC card prior to the DM card, only the orbital unrelaxed density matrix is computed and stored. See also NATORB in section natural orbitals.

NATORB,[RECORD=]record.ifil,[PRINT=nprint],[CORE[=natcor]];

Calculate natural orbitals. The number of printed external orbitals in any given symmetry is nprint) (default 2). nprint=-1 suppressed the printing. The natural orbitals and the density matrix are saved in a dump record record on file ifil. If record.ifil is specified on a DM card (see above), this record is used. If different records are specified on the DM and NATORB cards, an error will result. The record can also be given on the SAVE card. Natural orbitals are computed for both the nonrelaxed and relaxed density matrices if available, which are stored in the same record as set 1 and set 2, respectively.

Note that the effective (relaxed) density matrix of non-variational methods like MP2, CCSD, or CCSD(T) does not strictly behave as a density matrix. For instance, it has non-zero matrix elements between core and valence orbitals, and therefore core orbitals are affected by the natural orbital transformation. Also, occupation numbers can be greater than 2.0 or less than 0.0. If CORE is given (natcor=1), the core orbitals are frozen by excluding them from the natural orbital transformation.

Analytical MP2 static dipole polarizabilities and other second order properties can be computed using the POLARI. By default the dipole operator is used, but other one-electron operators can be specified on the POLARI directive. Currently, this is only working without frozen core orbitals, i.e., C͡ORE,0 must be given. This option is only available without using the density fitting approximation. The dipole polarizabilities are stored in the variables POLXX, POLXY, POLXZ, POLYY, POLYZ, POLZZ.

Example:

{ mp2
core,0
polari,dm,qm}

Computes the full tensors for the dipole and quadrupole operators.

Nonsymmetrized first-order perturbed density matrix resulting from CP equations for MP2 can be stored for further use if RECMP2=record.ifil is given.

The accuracy and other parameters of the CPHF calculations necessary to compute gradients and response properties can be modified using the CPHF directive:

CPHF, [THRMIN=thrmin], [THRMAX=thrmax], [MAXIT=maxit], [SHIFT=shift], [SAVE=record], [START=record], [DIIS=idiis], [DISM=idism]

• THRMIN CPHF convergence threshold (default 1.d-6). THRESH and ACCU are aliases for this.
• THRMAX initial CPHF convergence threshold in geometry optimizations. Once the geometry is converged to a certain accuracy (depending on OPTCONV), the threshold is stepwise reduced to THRMIN.

The default is THRMAX=min(1.d-6,THRMIN*100); Values larger than 1.d-6 are ignored.

• MAXIT Maximum number of iterations (default 50).
• SHIFT Level shift for CPHF (default 0.1).
• DIIS First macroiteration in which DIIS is used (default 1)
• DISM First microiteration in which DIIS is used (default 1; in microiterations the core contribution is frozen).
• SAVE Record on which the CPHF solution can be saved for later restarts. The solution is saved automatically in geometry optimizations and frequency calculations.
• START Record from which initial guess is read. A starting guess is read automatically in geometry optimizations and frequency calculations.

In density-fitting MP2, only THRMIN is active, the rest of the options are handled automatically.

DF-MP2,options

invokes the density fitted MP2 program. The present implementation works only without symmetry. RI-MP2 is an alias for the command DF-MP2.

The following options can be specified:

• BASIS_MP2=basis: Fitting basis set. basis can either refer to a basis set defined in a BASIS block, or to a default fitting basis set (only available for correlation consistent basis sets). If a correlation consistent orbital basis set is used, the corresponding MP2 fitting basis is generated by default. In all other cases, the fitting basis must be defined.
• THRAO=value: Screening threshold for 3-index integrals in the AO basis
• THRMO=value: Screening threshold for 3-index integrals in the MO basis
• THROV=value: Screening threshold for 2-index integrals of fitting basis.
• THRPROD=value: Screening product threshold for first half transformation.
• SPARSE=value: If Non-zero, use sparse algorithm in second-half transformation (default).

See section density fitting for a more general description of density fitting. Expectation values and gradients can also be computed with DF-MP2.

The spin-component scaled MP2 energy as proposed by Grimme (J. Chem. Phys. 118, 9095 (2003)) is printed automatically using the default scaling factors (1.2 for antiparallel spin, 1/3 for parallel spin). These factors can be modified using the options SCSFACS and SCSFACT, respectively, i.e.

MP2, SCSFACS=facs, SCSFACT=fact

The SCS-MP2 total energy is stored in the variable EMP2_SCS. Gradients and first-order properties can be computed for SCS-MP2 by setting the option SCSGRD=1. This only operational for density fitted MP2 and local MP2 methods, i.e. using

DF-MP2,[DF_BASIS=fitbasis],SCSGRD=1,[ SCSFACS=facs], [SCSFACT=fact]

followed by FORCES or OPTG. In these cases, the SCS-MP2 total energy replaces the MP2 total energy in the variable EMP2. Expectation values can also be computed with DF-SCS-MP2, where the SCS-MP2 density matrix is used instead of the MP2 density matrix (see section expectation values for MP2). For DF-LMP2 see section PAO-based local correlation treatments.

The perturbation-adapted zero-order hamiltonian described in J. Chem. Phys. 156, 011101 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079853 is available for closed-shell systems by putting

PAPT

in the input before MP2, MP3, MP4 or CCSD(T). The effect of the PAPT is to define a new set of orbitals and effective hamiltonian eigenvalues that are used in subsequent correlation treatments.